Ilanga yindlela ecocekileyo kakhulu yokuvelisa umbane. Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe amaninzi ashushu anelanga elininzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuvelisa umbane welanga, ukusebenza kakuhle kwezityalo zamandla elanga akwanelisi. Isikhululo samandla elanga sesona sixhobo siphambili sesikhululo samandla sendabuko kwicandelo lokuvelisa umbane welanga. Isikhululo samandla elanga sidla ngokuba namakhulu okanye amawaka eephaneli zelanga kwaye sibonelela ngombane omninzi kumakhaya namashishini angenakubalwa. Ke ngoko, izitishi zamandla elanga ngokungathandabuzekiyo zifuna indawo enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe aseAsia anabantu abaninzi njengeIndiya neSingapore, umhlaba okhoyo wokwakha izityalo zamandla elanga unqabile kakhulu okanye ubiza kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha zombini.
Enye yeendlela zokusombulula le ngxaki kukwakha isikhululo samandla elanga emanzini, ukuxhasa iiphaneli zombane ngokusebenzisa isitendi somzimba odadayo, kunye nokudibanisa zonke iiphaneli zombane. Ezi mizimba ezidadayo zamkela isakhiwo esingenanto kwaye zenziwe ngenkqubo yokubumba, kwaye ixabiso liphantsi kakhulu. Cinga ngayo njengomnatha wamanzi owenziwe ngeplastiki eqinileyo eqinileyo. Iindawo ezifanelekileyo zolu hlobo lwesikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic esidadayo ziquka amachibi endalo, amachibi enziwe ngabantu, kunye nemigodi elahliweyo kunye nemingxuma.
Gcina izixhobo zomhlaba kwaye ulungise izikhululo zamandla ezidada emanzini
Ngokutsho kweNgxelo yeMarike yeSolar ethi Where Sun Meets Water, Floating Solar Market ekhutshwe yiBhanki yeHlabathi ngo-2018, ukufakwa kwezixhobo zokuvelisa umbane welanga ezintantayo kwizikhululo zamanzi ezikhoyo, ingakumbi izikhululo zamanzi ezinkulu ezinokusetyenziswa ngokuguquguquka. Le ngxelo ikholelwa ukuba ukufakwa kweephaneli zelanga kunokunyusa ukuveliswa kombane kwizikhululo zamanzi, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kunokulawula izikhululo zamandla ngokuguquguquka ngexesha lemvula, nto leyo ebenza babe neendleko eziphantsi. Le ngxelo yathi: "Kwiindawo ezineegridi zamandla ezingaphuhliswanga kakuhle, ezifana ne-Afrika esemazantsi kweSahara kunye namanye amazwe asaphuhlayo aseAsia, izikhululo zamandla zelanga ezintantayo zinokuba nentsingiselo ekhethekileyo."
Izitishi zamandla elanga ezidadayo azisebenzisi nje indawo engasebenziyo, kodwa zinokuba zisebenza kakuhle kunezitishi zamandla elanga ezisemhlabeni kuba amanzi anokupholisa iipaneli ze-photovoltaic, ngaloo ndlela andise amandla azo okuvelisa umbane. Okwesibini, iipaneli ze-photovoltaic zinceda ekunciphiseni ukufuma kwamanzi, nto leyo eba yinzuzo enkulu xa amanzi esetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo. Njengoko imithombo yamanzi iba luncedo ngakumbi, le nzuzo iya kubonakala ngakumbi. Ukongeza, izitishi zamandla elanga ezidadayo zinokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi ngokucothisa ukukhula kwe-algae.
Usetyenziso oluvuthiweyo lwezikhululo zamandla ezidadayo kwihlabathi
Izikhululo zamandla elanga ezidadayo ngoku ziyinyani. Enyanisweni, isikhululo samandla elanga sokuqala esidadayo ngeenjongo zokuvavanya sakhiwa eJapan ngo-2007, kwaye isikhululo samandla sokuqala sorhwebo safakwa kwidama eCalifornia ngo-2008, sinamandla alinganisiweyo angama-175 kilowatts. Okwangoku, isantya sokwakhiwa kwe-floatiIzityalo zamandla elanga ziyakhawuleza: isikhululo samandla sokuqala se-10-megawatt safakwa ngempumelelo ngo-2016. Ukusukela ngo-2018, umthamo opheleleyo ofakiweyo weenkqubo ze-photovoltaic ezintantayo zehlabathi yayiyi-1314 MW, xa kuthelekiswa ne-11 MW kuphela kwiminyaka esixhenxe eyadlulayo.
Ngokwedatha evela kwiBhanki yeHlabathi, kukho ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-400,000 zesikwere zeendawo zokugcina amanzi ezenziwe ngabantu ehlabathini, oko kuthetha ukuba ngokwembono yendawo ekhoyo, izitishi zamandla elanga ezidadayo ngokwethiyori zinomthamo ofakiweyo wenqanaba le-terawatt. Ingxelo yathi: "Ngokusekelwe ekubalweni kwezixhobo zamanzi ezenziwe ngabantu ezidayayo, kuqikelelwa ukuba umthamo ofakiweyo wezityalo zamandla elanga ezidadayo zehlabathi ungadlula i-400 GW, elingana nomthamo ofakiweyo we-photovoltaic yehlabathi ngo-2017." Emva kwezitishi zamandla ezidayayo kunye neenkqubo ze-photovoltaic ezidityanisiweyo nezakhiwo (BIPV) Emva koko, izitishi zamandla elanga ezidadayo ziye zaba yindlela yesithathu enkulu yokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic.
Iiklasi ze-polyethylene kunye ne-polypropylene zomzimba odadayo zimi phezu kwamanzi kwaye iikhompawundi ezisekelwe kwezi zinto zinokuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba odadayo umi phezu kwamanzi unokuxhasa ngokuzinzileyo iiphaneli zelanga ngexesha lokusetyenziswa ixesha elide. Ezi zinto zinokumelana okunamandla nokuwohloka okubangelwa yimitha ye-ultraviolet, nto leyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo ibaluleke kakhulu kolu setyenziso. Kuvavanyo lokwaluphala olukhawulezileyo ngokwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, ukumelana kwazo nokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo (ESCR) kudlula iiyure ezingama-3000, oko kuthetha ukuba ebomini bokwenyani, zinokuqhubeka nokusebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwama-25. Ukongeza, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwezi zinto nako kuphezulu kakhulu, kuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo aziyi kolulwa phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, ngaloo ndlela kugcinwa ukuqina kwesakhelo somzimba odadayo. I-SABIC iphuhlise ngokukodwa i-SABIC B5308 ye-polyethylene ephezulu yodidi oluphezulu lwee-floats zenkqubo ye-photovoltaic yamanzi, enokuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zokusebenza kwinkqubo yokucubungula nokusetyenziswa engentla. Le mveliso ye-grade iye yaqatshelwa ngamashishini amaninzi enkqubo ye-photovoltaic yamanzi. I-HDPE B5308 sisixhobo se-polymer sokusasazwa kobunzima beemolekyuli ezininzi esineempawu ezikhethekileyo zokucubungula kunye nokusebenza. Ine-ESCR egqwesileyo (ukumelana noxinzelelo lwendalo), iipropati ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini, kwaye inokufikelela phakathi kokuqina kunye nokuqina. Ibhalansi elungileyo (oku akulula ukuyifumana kwiplastiki), kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, kulula ukuyivuthulula. Njengoko uxinzelelo kwimveliso yamandla acocekileyo lusanda, i-SABIC ilindele ukuba isantya sokufakelwa kwezikhululo zamandla ze-photovoltaic ezintantayo siya kukhawulezisa ngakumbi. Okwangoku, i-SABIC iqalise iiprojekthi zezikhululo zamandla ze-photovoltaic ezintantayo eJapan naseTshayina. I-SABIC ikholelwa ukuba izisombululo zayo ze-polymer ziya kuba sisitshixo sokukhulula ngakumbi amandla etekhnoloji ye-FPV.
Isisombululo seProjekthi yeJwell Machinery Solar Floating kunye neBracket
Okwangoku, iinkqubo zelanga ezidadayo ezifakelweyo ngokubanzi zisebenzisa umzimba ophambili odadayo kunye nomzimba oncedisayo odadayo, umthamo wawo ususela kwiilitha ezingama-50 ukuya kwiilitha ezingama-300, kwaye ezi mizimba zidadayo ziveliswa zizixhobo ezinkulu zokubumba.
Umatshini wokubumba we-JWZ-BM160/230 owenziwe ngokwezifiso
Yamkela inkqubo yokukhupha izikrufu eyilwe ngokukodwa esebenza kakuhle kakhulu, isikhunta sokugcina izinto, isixhobo sokonga amandla se-servo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwe-PLC engeniswe kwamanye amazwe, kwaye imodeli ekhethekileyo yenzelwe ngokwesakhiwo semveliso ukuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kwezixhobo ngokufanelekileyo nangokuzinzileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-02-2022